Finland

Finland has a population of approximately 5.5 million, making it the 25th-most populous country in Europe. The main language is Finnish,[9] a Finnic language of the Uraliclanguage family. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, and is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas of the country and on Åland. Finland is a parliamentary republic consisting of 19 regions and 310 municipalities.[10] The climate varies significantly relative to latitude, from Southern Finland's humid continental climate to the boreal climate of the north. Finland is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes, leading to the denomination "the land of a thousand lakes".[11] With an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi), Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe, and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is the largest metropolitan area with over 1.5 million people, which produces a third of the country's GDP. Tampere and Turku are the next largest urban areas.

Finland was inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period.[12] The Stone Ageintroduced several different ceramic styles and cultures. The Bronze Age and Iron Agewere characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region.[13] From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades, the legacy of which is reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was annexed by the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, during which Finnish art flourished and the idea of independencebegan to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant all adult citizens the right to vote.

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